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Vattisen Yaly ((チュヴァシ語:Ваттисен йӑли), ''Tradition of the Old'') is a name〔''(Chuvash faith and beliefs )''. Chuvash Culture Portal.〕 for a contemporary revival of the ethnic religion of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnicity of uppermost Bulgar ancestry mostly settled in the republic of Chuvashia and surrounding federal subjects of Russia. Vattisen Yaly could be categorised as a peculiar form of Tengrism, a related revivalist movement of Central Asian traditional religion, however it differs significantly from it: being the Chuvash a heavily Fennicised and Slavified ethnicity (they were also never fully Islamised, contrarywise to most of other Turks), and having had exchanges also with other Indo-European ethnicities,〔Valentin Stetsyuk. ''Introduction to the Study of Prehistoric Ethnogenic Processes in Eastern Europe and Asia, The Turkic Tribe Bulgar in Eastern Europe''. Lviv, Ukraine.〕 their religion shows many similarities with Finnic and Slavic Paganisms; moreover, the revival of "Vattisen Yaly" in recent decades has occurred following Neopagan patterns.〔Sergei Filatov, Aleksandr Shchipkov. ''Religious Developments among the Volga Nations as a Model for the Russian Federation''. Religion, State & Society, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1995. pp. 239-243〕 Thus it should be more carefully categorised as a Neopagan religion. Today the followers of the Chuvash Traditional Religion are called "the true Chuvash".〔 Their main god is Tura, a deity comparable to the Estonian Taara, the Germanic Thunraz and the pan-Turkic Tengri.〔 The Chuvash Traditional Religion has an unbroken continuation, having been preserved in a few villages of the Chuvash diaspora outside of Chuvashia until modern times.〔Vovina 2000. p. 2.〕 In the late 1980s and early 1990s together with the demise of the Soviet Union a cultural and national revival blossomed among the Chuvash, and its leaders gradually embraced the idea of a return to indigenous Paganism, also supported by Chuvash intellectuals.〔Vovina 2000. pp. 3-5.〕 The identitary movement looked to movements in the Baltic states for inspiration. The national movement, meanwhile embodied in a Chuvash National Congress, carried on its "national religion" idea during the 1990s. Intellectuals started to recover and codify ancient rituals and started practicing them among the population both in cities and countryside villages, declaring themselves the guardians of tradition and the descendants of elder priests.〔Vovina 2000. p. 7.〕 ==Groups== In the mid-1990s the proponents of the movement felt that to fulfill the role of a "national religion" and stand against world religions and cultural assimilation, Vattisen Yaly should be reconstructed and reformulated in institutional forms.〔Vovina 2000. p. 8.〕 A variety of groups emerged dedicated to the goal of reviving the Chuvash religion. A lot of publications on the religion appeared and artists and sculptors joined academic scholars in the creation of models for the construction of ritual-ceremonial complexes.〔 Periodic prayers were introduced in public life by one of the groups, and it gave the religion the name of ''Sardash'', which apparently comes from the Chuvash word ''sara'', meaning "yellow". In Chuvash culture ''Sar'', ''Sarat'' is an epithet of the Sun.〔 Arguments emerged among the groups and factions over matters such as theology and national organisation of the religions. For instance Iosif Dimitriev (Trer), an artist and enthusiastic follower of the religion〔 and member of the "Chuvash National Religion" group, supports a tritheistic view centered around the god Tura, a mother goddess Ama, and a begotten god who is Tura reborn, and an organisation similar to that of the Catholic Church.〔Vovina 2000. p. 9.〕 V. Stan'ial, another influential intellectual of the same group, stands for a monistic view with god Tura as the main god and other gods as his manifestations, and an organisational model based on a traditional ''El'men'', national religious leader, and an ''Aramchi'', guardian of the faith, in every town.〔 Another group is ''Turas'' (meaning "believer in the god Tura"), started by F. Madurov, which favours a nature religion approach and a pantheistic worldview, asserting that the goal of Chuvash religion is the "unity and harmony of nature, mankind and Tura". The core of Madurov's position is the concept of the ''Keremet'', the world tree, and the myth of Tura reborn in a tree growing from ashes, symbolizing the rebirth of man through nature.〔Vovina 2000. pp. 10-11.〕 The keremets are also sacred trees and traditional worship sites spread on Chuvash lands. The immediate goals of the Turas group is the creation of spiritual revival complexes on the sites of the keremets, and to turn them into cultural monuments and natural preserves.〔Vovina 2000. p. 11.〕 Another phenomenon is the spontaneous revival of traditional village festivals (''ialzri''). On these occasions, reconstructed prayers and blessings (''pil'', ''pekhel'') are performed along with ritual sacrifices. Such rituals are connected to community and family life, often involving rites of passage such as weddings, births, and anniversaries.〔Vovina 2000. pp. 12-13.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vattisen Yaly」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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